Does changing a page’s URL affect SEO?
Yes, changing a page’s URL affects SEO, unless proper redirects are done.
Search engines like Google may treat the page as new and temporarily experience lower search rankings for a page, as recognition of a new page URL takes some time. Due to keyword variations in URLs or content generally, there is a greater potential for SEO to be impacted.
To avoid negative consequences, make sure that any new version of your site page has the same or higher quality content and do the necessary redirects to signal search engines for consideration. Here is an excerpt of Google's John Mueller response on the topic concern.
Here's related information that you may also find helpful – Will Changing Domain Name Affect SEO?
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